Editorial
Content quality
The review status of every published page on the site, with the date it was last reviewed and the substantive reason for the status it received. A page is never marked as passing on the strength of a title or a word count alone.
What the statuses mean
A page is never marked PASS on the strength of a title, a meta description, a word count or schema markup alone. Those are mechanical checks that a page is well-formed; they say nothing about whether its claims are true. The status recorded here reflects a substantive editorial judgement about the page's evidence basis, and the reason column names that judgement in full.
- PASS
- The page has been read end to end against its sources and the figures it states are traceable to the canonical dataset. It is published.
- REVIEW
- The page is published but a substantive question remains open — a figure awaiting confirmation, a source that has moved, or a passage that needs a second reader. It is flagged for re-review.
- BLOCK
- The page is withheld from publication. A claim could not be substantiated, a figure conflicts with the canonical dataset, or the evidence basis is missing. It is not shown to readers.
The review register
Each row is one published page. The status is the outcome of the review gate every page passes before it is shown, and the reason is the substantive finding behind that outcome rather than a restatement of the status.
| Page | Status | Last reviewed | Reason for status |
|---|---|---|---|
| / | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The home page states the site's purpose, links to the canonical dataset and the research hub, and carries no figure that is not sourced from the curated dataset. It passed on its substance: a reader can reach the reference tables and the methodology from it without a dead end. |
| /market | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The market page labels the source and timestamp of every live figure and degrades to a cached or unavailable state rather than fabricating a price. It passed because its live figures carry provenance and its fallback behaviour is stated, not because it has a title and a description. |
| /price-history | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The price-history page presents the daily record with its vintage and source labelled on every series and names the gaps in the record. It passed on the completeness of its provenance, not on its length. |
| /historical-data | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The historical-data page presents the annual prices, the market highs and lows and the year-end capitalisation series as reference tables with the source of each column stated. It passed because every column names its source and its basis. |
| /returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The returns page explains the methodology behind each figure and separates the measured record from any forward-looking framing. It passed on the stated methodology, not on its word count. |
| /yearly-returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The yearly-returns page carries the corrected canonical figures for 2010, 2011 and 2013 and the corrected 2021 low, with the source of each series labelled and the partial first year marked. It passed because its figures match the canonical dataset exactly. |
| /drawdowns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The drawdowns page draws every peak-to-trough decline from the curated drawdown records and shows the peak and trough dates. It passed because each decline is traceable to a dated record rather than asserted. |
| /dca | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The dollar-cost-averaging page states the purchase schedule and the assumptions behind the comparison, and links out to the calculation tool rather than embedding one. It passed on the stated assumptions. |
| /roi-cagr | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ROI and CAGR page documents the calculation method and names the window behind each figure. It passed because the method and the window are both stated, not because it carries a formula. |
| /risk | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The risk page measures volatility and drawdown risk from the daily record and states the window used for each measure. It passed on the stated window and the traceable inputs. |
| /halvings | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The halvings page records every block-subsidy halving with its block height and what it did to the issuance schedule. It passed because each halving is dated and its block height is recorded. |
| /cycles | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cycles page states the rule used to draw each phase and gives the dates and price levels that define it. It passed because the phase boundaries are defined by a stated rule rather than by assertion. |
| /milestones | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The milestones page dates and sources each event rather than retelling it, and distinguishes protocol, market and adoption events. It passed on the sourcing of each entry. |
| /learn | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The learn hub collects the plain-language explanations and links each one to the reference page behind it. It passed because it routes a reader to sourced material rather than summarising without a source. |
| /glossary | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The glossary defines the protocol and market terms used across the site and cross-links each entry to its page. It passed because the definitions are original editorial content and cite no external figure. |
| /research | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The research hub collects every published dataset with its methodology, provenance and vintage, and states the limits of each one. It passed because each dataset entry carries its provenance and its limits. |
| /research/time-machine | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The time-machine experience walks the published record and states what a fixed holding was worth at each point, drawing only on the curated history. It passed because its figures come from the canonical dataset and it links out rather than embedding a calculator. |
| /research/halving-event-lab | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The halving-event lab sets each halving against the price record around it and states what the issuance schedule changed and what it left to demand. It passed because it separates the schedule from the market outcome. |
| /research/cycle-explorer | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cycle explorer lays out each completed cycle from low to high with its duration, gain and following drawdown, drawn from the curated record. It passed because each cycle is traceable to the documented extremes. |
| /research/holding-period-explorer | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The holding-period explorer measures outcomes between the published year-end closes and states the window behind each figure. It passed because the observation grid is stated and the figures match the derived series. |
| /research/dca-vs-lump-sum | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The DCA-against-lump-sum experience sets the two entries side by side on the published record and states the assumptions. It passed because the comparison is drawn from the curated series and its assumptions are stated. |
| /research/altcoins | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The altcoin research hub measures altcoins against Bitcoin rather than describing them on their own terms, and cites each claim. It passed because the comparison basis is stated and each page is sourced. |
| /research/ethereum | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Ethereum research hub compares the two networks on their monetary models, consensus mechanisms and intents, with each claim cited. It passed because the comparison is framed on stated properties rather than on price. |
| /research/icp | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP research hub compares a single verifiable chain against a network of subnets and cites the protocol documentation behind each claim. It passed because each claim is traceable to a primary source. |
| /research/solana | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Solana research hub compares two answers to the block-space constraint and cites the design documentation behind each claim. It passed because the comparison is framed on stated design properties. |
| /research/cross-chain | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cross-chain research hub states what it means to take bitcoin off its own chain and names the custody each approach requires. It passed because the trust assumptions of each approach are stated. |
| /data-sources | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The data-sources page states where every figure comes from, how it is prepared, and the vintage attached to each dataset, with the known gaps recorded. It passed because it is the provenance record itself. |
| /editorial-standards | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The editorial-standards page states how the site is written, sourced, corrected and kept honest, including the policy on errors and dated updates. It passed because it states the review and correction process. |
| /corrections-policy | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The corrections-policy page states how to report an error, how a report is reviewed and verified, and how corrections are published and labelled. It passed because it states the verification step, not just the contact route. |
| /about | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The about page states what the site is, who publishes it, and the editorial orientation behind it, with no prediction and no promotion. It passed because it states the publisher and the orientation. |
| /contact | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The contact page states how to reach the publisher by email, what to send, and why there is no form collecting personal data. It passed because it states the contact route and the data-collection position. |
| /privacy-policy | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The privacy-policy page states what the site does and does not collect in specific terms, including the absence of analytics, advertising trackers, cookies and accounts. It passed because it states the position specifically rather than generically. |
| /terms-of-use | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The terms-of-use page covers acceptable use, intellectual property and limitation of liability in plain language. It passed because it states the terms rather than restating a template. |
| /disclaimer | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The disclaimer page states that the site is an educational reference and not financial, investment, tax or legal advice, and states the risks of Bitcoin plainly. It passed because it states the limitation and the risks. |
| /price-scenario | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The price-scenario page states what the framing does and does not claim and gives historical reference points from the daily record. It passed because it separates the historical reference from any forecast. |
| /ath-history | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The all-time-high history page records every high with its date and how long each stood, drawn from the daily record. It passed because each high is dated and traceable to the curated extremes. |
| /recovery-time | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The recovery-time page measures recovery from the peak rather than the trough and states that basis. It passed because the measurement basis is stated and the figures match the drawdown records. |
| /cycle-comparison | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cycle-comparison page sets the completed cycles side by side with how far each advanced, how deep each declined and how long each lasted. It passed because each cycle is traceable to the documented extremes. |
| /halving-performance | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The halving-performance page states the window used around each halving and its limits. It passed because the window is stated and the truncated final window is labelled rather than extrapolated. |
| /lump-sum-vs-dca | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The lump-sum-against-DCA page states why the start date decides the answer and draws both entries from the published record. It passed because the sensitivity to the start date is stated rather than hidden. |
| /cagr-explained | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The CAGR-explained page states what the measure computes, how it is calculated from published prices, and why it hides the path a holder lived. It passed because it states the measure's limitation. |
| /drawdown-explained | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The drawdown-explained page distinguishes a drawdown from a loss and states how maximum drawdown and recovery time describe downside risk. It passed because the definitions are stated precisely. |
| /volatility-explained | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The volatility-explained page states what volatility measures and why a figure without its window and vintage says little. It passed because it states the window and vintage requirement. |
| /cost-basis | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cost-basis page states how cost basis is calculated across multiple purchases and what break-even means after a decline. It passed because it states the calculation and its limitation. |
| /holding-period-returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The holding-period-returns page gives the return over each holding period with the annualised figure and the window each one covers. It passed because each window is stated and the figures match the derived series. |
| /inflation-adjusted-returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The inflation-adjusted-returns page documents the deflator, base year and method on every figure and flags the provisional 2025 index level. It passed because the deflator and its provisional status are stated. |
| /risk-adjusted-returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The risk-adjusted-returns page states the Sharpe and Sortino definitions and the risk-free assumption behind each figure. It passed because the assumptions are stated rather than implied. |
| /supply-schedule | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The supply-schedule page states how the subsidy halves every 210,000 blocks and what each epoch issued. It passed because each epoch is tied to its block height and subsidy. |
| /issuance-inflation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The issuance-inflation page gives the annual issuance and supply growth rate for every epoch. It passed because each rate is derived from the stated subsidy and supply. |
| /market-cap-explained | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The market-cap-explained page states how capitalisation is calculated from price and circulating supply and where the measure misleads. It passed because it states the measure's limitation. |
| /bitcoin-dominance | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The bitcoin-dominance page states how the share is calculated and why the figure moves with the wider market. It passed because it states the denominator's effect. |
| /liquidity | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The liquidity page distinguishes order-book depth from trading volume and states why thin markets amplify price moves. It passed because it states the distinction. |
| /exchange-price-differences | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The exchange-price-differences page states why the same asset trades at different prices and how arbitrage keeps quotes close. It passed because it states the mechanism. |
| /trading-volume | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The trading-volume page states how reported figures differ between venues and why volume is not liquidity. It passed because it states the reporting difference. |
| /after-ath | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The after-all-time-high page records how far the price fell after each high, how long it stayed below and when a new high arrived. It passed because each episode is traceable to the curated extremes. |
| /cycle-low-to-high | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cycle-low-to-high page gives the advance from each low to the high that followed, with dates, multiple and duration. It passed because each move is traceable to the documented extremes. |
| /halving-window-returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The halving-window-returns page gives the return over fixed windows around each halving and labels the truncated final window. It passed because the truncated window is labelled rather than extrapolated. |
| /best-worst-years | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The best-and-worst-years page gives the open, close and change behind each figure and names the source of the series. It passed because each figure is traceable to the canonical yearly table. |
| /best-worst-12-month | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The best-and-worst-12-month page gives the dates that define each window and states the sampling rule. It passed because the sampling rule is stated and the windows are dated. |
| /rolling-4-year-returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The rolling-4-year-returns page gives every rolling four-year return with the annualised figure and the window each covers. It passed because each window is stated and the overlapping windows are noted. |
| /return-profiles | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The return-profiles page compares the advance, decline and recovery of each cycle and states how the shape has changed. It passed because each cycle is traceable to the documented extremes. |
| /protocol | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The protocol hub states how the supply schedule, transaction mechanics and mining economics fit together and links to the reference page behind each. It passed because it routes to sourced detail rather than summarising without one. |
| /comparisons | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The comparisons hub collects the side-by-side comparisons and names the measure each one uses. It passed because each comparison names its measure. |
| /spot-vs-futures | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The spot-against-futures page states how immediate-settlement markets differ from derivative contracts and what each reveals about demand. It passed because it states the distinction and the inference each supports. |
| /spot-bitcoin-etfs | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The spot-bitcoin-ETF page states what a spot ETF holds, how creation and redemption work, and what the January 2024 US approvals established. It passed because the mechanism and the dated event are both stated. |
| /open-interest-funding | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The open-interest-and-funding page states what each measure captures and why both are weaker evidence than they are often treated as. It passed because it states the evidential limitation. |
| /proof-of-work | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The proof-of-work page states the target and the nonce and why accumulated work rather than a single hash secures the chain. It passed because it states the security argument. |
| /difficulty-adjustment | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The difficulty-adjustment page states how the 2,016-block retarget works and the bounds on the change. It passed because the rule and its bounds are stated. |
| /hashrate | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The hashrate page states why hashrate is estimated from block times rather than stored on-chain and how it differs from difficulty. It passed because it states the estimation basis. |
| /mining-pools | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The mining-pools page states how share accounting works, the common payout schemes, and the centralisation considerations pooling raises. It passed because it states the centralisation consideration. |
| /miner-revenue | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The miner-revenue page states how the subsidy and fees are collected and how the mix shifts as the subsidy halves. It passed because it states the composition and its trend. |
| /mining-economics | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The mining-economics page states the capital and energy costs, break-even and hashprice, and why margins compress as the subsidy declines. It passed because it states the cost structure and the trend. |
| /utxo-model | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The UTXO-model page states how ownership is recorded as unspent outputs rather than balances and what that means for validation and privacy. It passed because it states the model and its consequences. |
| /node-verification | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The node-verification page states the validation path from mempool to block acceptance and distinguishes consensus rules from relay policy. It passed because it states the distinction. |
| /address-types | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The address-types page states the prefixes and encodings of the four address families and the trade-offs between them. It passed because each family's encoding is stated. |
| /segwit-explained | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SegWit page states what BIP 141 changed, the block-weight rule and the discount that made layered protocols possible. It passed because the rule change is stated. |
| /taproot-explained | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Taproot page states Schnorr signatures, key-path and script-path spends, and the privacy gain that follows. It passed because the mechanism and its privacy consequence are stated. |
| /block-size-weight | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The block-size-and-weight page states how the block-weight rule replaced the byte limit and how the weight is computed. It passed because the computation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/eth-btc-correlation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH-BTC correlation page states how the coefficient is measured, how it behaves across windows and regimes, and where the relationship stops being informative. It passed because the measurement and its limitation are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/eth-btc-ratio | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH/BTC ratio page states what the ratio measures, how to read its trend, and why a relative-value series is not a forecast. It passed because it separates the measure from a forecast. |
| /research/altcoins/eth-during-btc-bulls | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH-during-bull-phases page frames the behaviour as association within a common market factor rather than as one asset leading the other. It passed because it states the association rather than a causal claim. |
| /research/altcoins/eth-during-btc-bears | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH-during-bear-phases page compares drawdown depth and duration over identical windows and names the shared factor. It passed because the windows are identical and the factor is named. |
| /research/altcoins/eth-vs-btc-drawdowns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH-and-BTC-drawdowns page states the price source, sampling frequency, peak definition and windows. It passed because the measurement method is stated in full. |
| /research/altcoins/eth-vs-btc-market-cap | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH-and-BTC-capitalisations page states how each capitalisation is constructed and what the ratio does and does not imply. It passed because it states the construction and the limitation. |
| /research/altcoins/eth-supply-changes-market-context | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH-supply-changes page places issuance, base-fee burn and staking lock-ups in market context and cites the monetary comparison rather than restating it. It passed because it cites the comparison. |
| /research/altcoins/when-eth-outperformed-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ETH-outperformance page states how the periods are identified from the price record and the limits of explaining them after the fact. It passed because it states the ex-post limitation. |
| /research/altcoins/what-is-altseason | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The altseason page defines the term by measurable criteria and states the universe, window and threshold behind each breadth measure. It passed because each measure's inputs are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-dominance-and-altseason | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The dominance-and-altseason page states how the share has related to altseason episodes and why a ratio whose denominator moves is an incomplete signal. It passed because it states the denominator's effect. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-to-alt-capital-rotation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The capital-rotation page states what a rotation claim asserts, which parts the record can evidence, and why the movement of capital remains an inference. It passed because it separates the evidence from the inference. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-eth-alt-cycle-rotation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The rotation-sequence page tests the proposed ordering against the record and names the counterexamples that keep it from being a rule. It passed because the counterexamples are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/altseasons-before-after-btc-peaks | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The altseason-timing page dates each episode against Bitcoin's cycle peaks and states the sample-size limitation plainly. It passed because the sample-size limitation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/measuring-crypto-correlation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The correlation-methodology page states the return frequency, the log-against-simple choice, the window length and the non-stationarity caveat. It passed because each methodological choice is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/crypto-beta-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The beta-estimation page states the regression setup, the role of R-squared, and why a beta from one regime is a poor guide to the next. It passed because the regime limitation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-eth-sol-icp-volatility | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The comparative-volatility page states the estimator, window and data source for each asset. It passed because each asset's estimator and window are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-eth-sol-icp-drawdowns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The comparative-drawdowns page states the peak and trough rule, the depth threshold and the method. It passed because the rule and threshold are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-eth-sol-icp-risk-adjusted-returns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The comparative-risk-adjusted page states the Sharpe, Sortino and Calmar definitions and the ICP caveat. It passed because each definition and the caveat are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-price-history-vs-btc-cycles | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-price-history page maps the record onto Bitcoin's dated phases and treats the May 2021 listing date and the overlap as a calendar fact, not a cause. It passed because the overlap is stated as a calendar fact. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-btc-correlation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-BTC-correlation page states what the coefficient would measure, why a short series makes the estimate unstable, and what a high reading means. It passed because the instability is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-drawdowns-recoveries | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-drawdowns page compares the record with Bitcoin's under the same peak-to-trough method and states why a four-year series resists the same summary. It passed because the method is shared and the limitation stated. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-market-cap-history | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-capitalisation page states how the series is built from price and circulating supply and why a scheduled token release moves it for reasons other than price. It passed because the supply mechanism is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-supply-network-economics | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-supply page states the two mechanisms connecting operation to the token and what each does not imply. It passed because the limitation of each mechanism is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-network-activity-vs-market-performance | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-activity page states the activity measures, the market measures they could be compared with, and why any link would be association, not cause. It passed because the association limitation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-during-major-btc-moves | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-event-study page presents the windows around named, dated Bitcoin moves as a timing and association record rather than a causal finding. It passed because the association framing is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/icp-vs-btc-eth-sol-across-cycles | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-against-peers page states the differing listing dates and supply mechanisms as the comparison's central limitation. It passed because the central limitation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/xrp-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The XRP page states the genesis supply and escrow schedule, the validator-based ledger, and the regulatory timeline as context rather than cause. It passed because the timeline is framed as context. |
| /research/altcoins/bnb-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The BNB page states the exchange-linked demand factor and the burn policy that manages supply. It passed because the demand factor and the burn policy are both stated. |
| /research/altcoins/ada-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ADA page documents the long drawdown period and sets the reserve-based issuance model against Bitcoin's. It passed because the issuance model is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/avax-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The AVAX page documents the 2021 listing-cycle profile: a first liquid market, a steep advance and a decline inside one cycle. It passed because the listing-cycle profile is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/link-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The LINK page separates the oracle-demand narrative from price behaviour and states the measurement gap. It passed because the measurement gap is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/doge-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The DOGE page documents the attention-driven episodes and the uncapped supply rule and states why those episodes resist factor explanation. It passed because the supply rule and the limitation are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/large-cap-alts-vs-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The pooled-large-cap page states the basket definition, weighting scheme, rebalancing rule and survivorship handling. It passed because the construction and the survivorship handling are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/large-vs-small-cap-during-btc-cycles | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The large-against-small-cap page defines the size buckets and states the survivorship caveat in full. It passed because the buckets and the caveat are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/why-alts-move-with-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The why-alts-move-with-bitcoin page states why most large altcoins trade in the same direction on most days and why shared liquidity and a common macro factor are not causation. It passed because the causation caveat is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-alt-correlation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The BTC-alt-correlation page states the convention used, rolling Pearson correlation on daily log returns, and what the coefficient does and does not say. It passed because the convention is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/when-alts-decouple | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The decoupling page states why the periods are real but usually short and why each has a market-specific explanation. It passed because the market-specific explanation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/alts-when-btc-falls | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The alts-when-bitcoin-falls page states how the large alts have generally fallen further and the common-factor explanation behind the pattern. It passed because the common-factor explanation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/alts-when-btc-rallies | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The alts-when-bitcoin-rallies page states the wide spread of outcomes and why dispersion is widest among the smallest assets. It passed because the dispersion is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/btc-dominance-vs-alt-performance | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The dominance-against-alt-performance page states why dominance is a composition measure that shows how the market is divided, not what drives the parts. It passed because the composition limitation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/altcoin-beta-to-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The altcoin-beta page states why beta depends on the reference and return convention and why one number hides the regime change. It passed because the regime limitation is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/alt-vs-btc-drawdowns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The alt-against-bitcoin-drawdowns page applies the same rule to every asset and states it first. It passed because the shared rule is stated before the results. |
| /research/altcoins/alt-vs-btc-recoveries | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The alt-against-bitcoin-recoveries page measures recovery from the trough back to the prior peak rather than to a new high. It passed because the recovery definition is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/correlation-during-market-stress | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The correlation-in-stress page tests the convergence claim against the record and states the mechanism and the caveat that a rise is not causation. It passed because the causation caveat is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/sol-btc-correlation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SOL-BTC-correlation page states the windows in which the relationship holds and the outage and event periods that interrupt it. It passed because the interrupting periods are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/sol-btc-across-cycles | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SOL/BTC-ratio page marks the 2021 expansion, the 2022 drawdown and the recovery that followed and states the method. It passed because the method and the marked phases are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/sol-vs-btc-drawdowns | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SOL-against-BTC-drawdowns page states the dates that define each drawdown and the measurement method over the shared window. It passed because the shared window and the method are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/sol-during-btc-bull-bear-markets | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SOL-during-phases page describes the behaviour as an association within a shared window rather than as a causal claim. It passed because the association framing is stated. |
| /research/altcoins/sol-market-cap-growth-in-context | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SOL-capitalisation page states the supply and unlock effects that complicate the comparison. It passed because the supply and unlock effects are stated. |
| /research/altcoins/when-sol-outperformed-btc | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SOL-outperformance page states what coincided with each window and why coincidence in time is not presented as causation. It passed because the causation caveat is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/account-model | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Ethereum-account-model page states externally owned and contract accounts, the nonce, address derivation and the state trie. It passed because each component of the model is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/evm | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The EVM page states the 256-bit stack machine, its memory, storage and calldata areas, the opcode families and the gas metering. It passed because each area and the metering are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/gas-fees | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The gas-and-fees page states the EIP-1559 base and priority fees, what a sender controls, and why the base fee is burned. It passed because the fee split and the burn are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/transactions-nonces | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The transactions-and-nonces page states what a transaction carries, how the nonce orders it, the typed envelopes and stuck transactions. It passed because the ordering and the envelopes are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/smart-contracts | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The smart-contracts page states how a contract is deployed, how storage is laid out, how call and delegatecall differ, and why the proxy pattern trades immutability. It passed because the trade-off is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/proof-of-stake | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The proof-of-stake page states slots, epochs and committees, the security argument against proof of work, and the validator lifecycle. It passed because the security argument is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/validators-attestations | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The validators-and-attestations page states the source, target and head votes, committee assignment, aggregation and what each duty earns. It passed because each duty and its reward are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/staking-rewards-penalties | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The staking-rewards page states the components of a validator's income, the issuance curve and the penalties when finality stalls. It passed because the issuance curve and the penalties are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/slashing | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The slashing page states the two slashable offences, the correlation penalty and the ejection and exit queue that follow. It passed because the offences and the penalty scaling are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/finality | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The finality page states how checkpoints are justified and finalised, why a finalised checkpoint cannot be reverted without a slashable offence, and what happens when finality stalls. It passed because the revert condition is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/execution-consensus-layers | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The execution-and-consensus-layers page states why a node runs two clients, what each holds, how the engine API joins them, and what the separation bought at the Merge. It passed because the separation and its benefit are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/rollups | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The rollups page states the optimistic and zero-knowledge families, withdrawal delays and what a user trusts. It passed because the trust assumption of each family is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/blobs-data-availability | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The blobs page states what a blob transaction carries, the KZG commitments, the separate blob fee market and why availability is a safety property. It passed because the safety property is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/l2-sequencers | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The sequencers page states what a sequencer does, why ordering is valuable, how forced inclusion limits its power, and how far each design has decentralised the role. It passed because the forced-inclusion limit is stated. |
| /research/ethereum/state-growth-storage | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The state-growth page states how the state trie commits to every account and slot, how a write is priced, and the statelessness and history-expiry proposals. It passed because the pricing and the proposals are stated. |
| /research/ethereum/mev | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The MEV page states where extractable value comes from, the searcher, builder, relay and proposer roles, and what proposer-builder separation changes. It passed because the roles and the change are stated. |
| /research/icp/canisters | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The canisters page states what a canister is: a WebAssembly module with its own memory, cycles balance and controllers, reachable through a Candid interface. It passed because each property is stated. |
| /research/icp/subnets | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The subnets page states how nodes are grouped, how consensus runs inside one, and why the network is a set of subnets rather than a single chain. It passed because the grouping and the consensus are stated. |
| /research/icp/chain-key-cryptography | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The chain-key page states how a subnet holds a key no node possesses in full and the threshold schemes it signs with. It passed because the threshold property is stated. |
| /research/icp/reverse-gas-model | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The reverse-gas page states who pays for computation, what cycles cover, and how compute allocation changes the bill. It passed because the payer and the allocation effect are stated. |
| /research/icp/cycles | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cycles page states the XDR peg, conversion from ICP, the cycles ledger and the freezing threshold. It passed because the peg and the threshold are stated. |
| /research/icp/internet-identity | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Internet-Identity page states passwordless authentication with passkeys, the principal derived per frontend origin, and the delegation chain. It passed because the per-origin derivation is stated. |
| /research/icp/network-nervous-system | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The NNS page states proposals, neurons, dissolve delays, and how the protocol is upgraded without a hard fork. It passed because the upgrade mechanism is stated. |
| /research/icp/sns-daos | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SNS page states the Service Nervous System, the decentralization swap, and what the token does and does not confer. It passed because the token's limits are stated. |
| /research/icp/chain-fusion | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The chain-fusion page states how a canister holds keys on another chain, the deployed integrations and chain-key tokens. It passed because the key-holding model is stated. |
| /research/icp/native-bitcoin-integration | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The native-bitcoin page states the Bitcoin canister and adapter, the reading and signing methods, and the trust model that replaces a bridge. It passed because the trust model is stated. |
| /research/icp/http-outcalls | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The HTTP-outcalls page states the transform function that makes a response deterministic and the difference between replicated and non-replicated calls. It passed because the determinism requirement is stated. |
| /research/icp/canister-upgrades-stable-memory | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The upgrades page states the heap against stable memory, the pre-upgrade and post-upgrade hooks, and the Motoko and Rust approaches. It passed because the persistence boundary is stated. |
| /research/icp/motoko-vs-rust | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Motoko-against-Rust page compares the two on persistence, memory management and ecosystem, with Candid as the interface boundary. It passed because the comparison axes are stated. |
| /research/icp/cloud-engines | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The cloud-engines page states the engine architecture, the components deployed today, and what is still in progress. It passed because the in-progress components are stated. |
| /research/icp/decentralized-frontends | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The decentralized-frontends page states the asset canister, response certification against the network's root key, and what the model cannot do. It passed because the model's limits are stated. |
| /research/icp/on-chain-ai-caffeine | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The on-chain-AI page states the inference service, deterministic sampling from the random beacon, and why agreement is not correctness. It passed because the agreement limitation is stated. |
| /research/solana/proof-of-history | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The proof-of-history page states the sequential hash chain, what it proves, and the limits of the construction. It passed because the construction's limits are stated. |
| /research/solana/sealevel-runtime | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Sealevel page states the account-access declaration, read and write locks, and the scheduler that orders conflicting work. It passed because the locking model is stated. |
| /research/solana/account-model | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Solana-account-model page states the five account fields, ownership rules, the refundable storage deposit and program derived addresses. It passed because each field and rule is stated. |
| /research/solana/validators-leader-schedule | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The validators-and-leader-schedule page states how a block producer is elected per slot, how blocks propagate, how transactions are forwarded and how votes finalise. It passed because each stage is stated. |
| /research/solana/fees-priority-fees | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The fees page states the base fee per signature, the prioritisation fee formula, how each is distributed, and why failure still pays. It passed because the distribution and the failure rule are stated. |
| /research/solana/local-fee-markets | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The local-fee-markets page states why contention on a single account differs from network-wide congestion and what has been proposed to price it. It passed because the distinction and the proposals are stated. |
| /research/solana/state-compression | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The state-compression page states how a hash of data is stored using concurrent Merkle trees, the tree parameters, and what the approach gives up. It passed because the trade-off is stated. |
| /research/solana/congestion-transaction-processing | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The congestion page states the path a transaction takes from client to block, the QUIC transport, stake-weighted stream limits, and why transactions are dropped. It passed because the drop conditions are stated. |
| /research/cross-chain/ethereum-vs-icp-smart-contracts | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Ethereum-against-ICP-contracts page states where each program's state lives, how each is upgraded, and what each cost model charges for. It passed because the state location and the upgrade path are stated. |
| /research/cross-chain/ethereum-vs-solana-execution-models | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Ethereum-against-Solana-execution page states what each transaction must declare and where the throughput comes from. It passed because the declaration requirement is stated. |
| /research/cross-chain/icp-vs-solana-application-architecture | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The ICP-against-Solana-architecture page states who owns the state, how storage is paid for, and what survives an upgrade. It passed because the ownership and the upgrade survival are stated. |
| /research/cross-chain/l1-vs-l2-scaling | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The L1-against-L2 page states the scaling spectrum and the trust assumptions each approach moves. It passed because the moved trust assumptions are stated. |
| /research/cross-chain/finality-models | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The finality-models page compares probabilistic, economic and deterministic finality and what each guarantee assumes. It passed because each guarantee's assumption is stated. |
| /research/cross-chain/transaction-and-data-models | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The transaction-and-data-models page compares UTXO, account, account-with-programs and canister state and states who bears the storage cost. It passed because the storage-cost bearer is stated. |
| /network-stories | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The network-stories hub collects the dated episodes that shaped the network and links each one to its sourced account. It passed because it routes a reader to sourced detail rather than retelling the episodes without a source. |
| /network-stories/genesis-block | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The genesis-block story dates the block, states the embedded headline and the 50-bitcoin subsidy, and separates the recorded facts from the surrounding lore. It passed because each claim is tied to the block record. |
| /network-stories/first-halving | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The first-halving story states the block height at which the subsidy fell from 50 to 25 bitcoin and what that did to issuance. It passed because the height and the schedule change are stated. |
| /network-stories/2017-congestion | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The 2017-congestion story dates the fee spike and the mempool backlog and states the block-size debate behind them. It passed because the episode is dated and the cause is framed as the debate, not asserted. |
| /network-stories/2023-inscription-wave | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The inscription-wave story dates the surge in block-space demand and states what the data-carrier use did to fees. It passed because the episode is dated and the fee effect is stated. |
| /network-stories/2010-value-overflow | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The value-overflow story states the block height, the integer-overflow bug and the emergency fix that followed. It passed because the height and the fix are stated. |
| /network-stories/2013-chain-split | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The chain-split story dates the accidental fork, states the software-version mismatch behind it and how the two chains reconciled. It passed because the cause and the reconciliation are stated. |
| /network-stories/pizza-transaction | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The pizza-transaction story dates the first documented purchase of goods for bitcoin and states the amount and the counterparty. It passed because the date and the amount are stated. |
| /network-stories/large-value-transfers | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The large-value-transfers story states what the recorded transfers show and why a large on-chain movement is not evidence of a sale. It passed because the inference limitation is stated. |
| /institutional | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The institutional hub collects the research on how institutions hold and access bitcoin and names the evidence behind each article. It passed because each article is routed to its sourced detail. |
| /institutional/spot-etf-structure-flows | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The spot-ETF-structure-and-flows article states what a spot ETF holds, how creation and redemption work, and how to read reported flows. It passed because the mechanism and the flow-reading caveat are stated. |
| /institutional/corporate-treasury-holdings | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The corporate-treasury-holdings article states how holdings are disclosed, the difference between a purchase and a filing, and the limits of the reported figures. It passed because the disclosure basis and its limits are stated. |
| /institutional/custody-and-access | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The custody-and-access article states the custody models, who holds the keys in each, and what access an institution retains. It passed because the key-holding party is stated for each model. |
| /briefings | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The briefings hub collects the dated research briefings and states the vintage of each one. It passed because each briefing carries its date and its evidence basis. |
| /content-quality | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The content-quality page lists every published route with its quality-gate status and last-reviewed date, read from the register itself. It passed because it exposes the audit trail rather than asserting quality. |
| /methodology | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The methodology page states how the datasets are built, sourced and versioned and how derived series are computed. It passed because the construction and the versioning are stated. |
| /protocol/tracker | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The protocol tracker records the dated protocol changes and their activation status and links each to its primary source. It passed because each entry is dated and sourced. |
| /security | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The security hub collects the research on attacks, mining and network security and names the evidence behind each article. It passed because each article is routed to its sourced detail. |
| /on-chain-analytics | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The on-chain-analytics hub collects the metric research and states the attribution limits of each measure. It passed because the attribution limitation is stated for each metric. |
| /major-protocol-upgrades | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The major-protocol-upgrades page records the dated soft and hard forks with their block heights and what each changed. It passed because each upgrade is dated and its change is stated. |
| /corporate-treasury | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The corporate-treasury page records the disclosed corporate holdings and states the disclosure basis and its limits. It passed because the disclosure basis and its limits are stated. |
| /mvrv-ratio | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The MVRV-ratio page states how the ratio is built from market value and realised value, the window it is measured over, and why a single reading is not a signal. It passed because the construction and the attribution limitation are stated. |
| /sopr | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The SOPR page states what the spent-output profit ratio measures, how the spent-output age bands are defined, and why a reading above or below one is not a forecast. It passed because the measure and its limitation are stated. |
| /puell-multiple | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The Puell-multiple page states how daily issuance is set against its own moving average, the window used, and why the measure describes miner revenue rather than price. It passed because the construction and its limitation are stated. |
| /dormancy-hodl-waves | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The dormancy-and-hodl-waves page states how coin-days are accumulated and destroyed, how the age bands are defined, and why the measures describe holding behaviour rather than intent. It passed because the construction and its limitation are stated. |
| /supply-in-profit-loss | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The supply-in-profit-and-loss page states how each coin is classified against its last-moved price, the price source used, and why the split is an estimate rather than a ledger fact. It passed because the classification basis and its limitation are stated. |
| /active-addresses-entity-adjustment | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The active-addresses page states what an active address counts, how entity adjustment groups addresses under one owner, and why the raw count overstates participation. It passed because the adjustment and its limitation are stated. |
| /mining-centralisation | PASS | 31 October 2026 | The mining-centralisation page states how pool share, hashrate distribution and geographic concentration are measured and why a pool's share is not the same as its miners' intent. It passed because the measurement basis and its limitation are stated. |
This page's own record
The register is held to the same standard as the pages it lists. This page carries its own review record, shown here so the claim can be checked rather than taken on trust.
PASSLast reviewed 31 October 2026
The content-quality page lists every published route with its quality-gate status and last-reviewed date, read from the register itself. It passed because it exposes the audit trail rather than asserting quality.